![[IC 1434, M Germano]](../../Pics/Jpg/i1434mg.jpg)
| Right Ascension | 22 : 10.6 (h:m) |
|---|---|
| Declination | +52 : 50 (deg:m) |
| Distance | 8.1 (kly) |
| Visual Brightness | 9.0 (mag) |
| Apparent Dimension | 7.0 (arc min) |
Perhaps in Johann Elert Bode's catalog of 1777.
Independently found by Espin in 1893.
This open cluster is perhaps contained in Johann Elert Bode's list of 75 nebulous objects as Bode 1. While Bode doesn't give details on its discovery or any observations, it seems that this may be his own discovery, in particular as he lists it with source "Bode" in his 1782 Atlas, "Vorstellung der Gestirne" (Introduction of the Luminaries).
The few treatments of Bode's list usually presume that Bode 1 is non-existent. The nearest NGC clusters are NGC 7226 (RA 22:10.5, Dec +55:25, mag 9.6, 2' diameter) and NGC 7243 (RA 22:15.3, Dec +49:53, 21' diameter, 6.4 mag), but both are several degrees off from Bode's position, RA 22:09.1, Dec +52:55 (2000.0). The present author [hf] has found the proximity to the cluster IC 1434 (RA 22:10.5, Dec +52:50) some time ago. Also, at least, there are contemporary positive observations of this object with moderate telescopes, see e.g. the Observing Reports for IC 1434 from the IAAC Netastrocatalog.
Despite this, an alternative identification of Bode 1 was recently circulated by Karl-Peter Julius (Julius 2022): It may well be that Bode 1 is just a duplication of Bode 75, which is M39. Proposed reason: The description for these objects reads, with the position given in Ecliptical Coordinates for 1780:
Bode Location Description Position 1780 Ident.
EcL (1780) EB
1 East of Pi at the A star cluster 3:23 +57:30
tail of Cygnus
75 West near Pi at the A star cluster 349:13 +57:30 = M39
tail of Cyg
We see that the Ecliptical latitude (EB) is identical for both objects,
while the Longitude differs: Once East and once West of "Pi Cygni". This
star is double; we give below the modern J2000.0 coordinates for both
stars Pi1 and Pi2, as well as the two candidate objects, M39 and IC 1434,
together with Bode's "Bode 1" - which is actually close to the position:
Object RA (2000.9) Dec (2000.0) Ecl. Long (2000.0) Lat.It is obvious that M39 is a similar distance west of Pi Cygni (5..6 deg), as IC 1434 is East of Pi Cygni (8 deg). See e.g. the original Bode catalog of 1782.
pi1 cyg 21 42 05.66 +51 11 22.6 358 16 35.5 +58 52 32.4 pi2 cyg 21 46 47.61 +49 18 34.5 357 10 58.9 +56 56 18.5 M39 21 31 33.4 +48 14 49 352 17 28 +57 35 44 Bode 1 003 40 +57 30 IC 1434 22 10 33.40 +52 50 33.7 006 37 39.9 +57 18 48.0
J.L.E. Dreyer included this cluster in the (first) IC catalog of 1895 on the ground of its discovery or rediscovery by Rev. T.E. Espin (Espin 1894).
Open Cluster IC 1434 was tentatively classified as of Trumpler type II 1 p, Archinal, Hynes (2003) have it as III 2 m. It contains about 40 stars scattered over a diameter of 8 arc minutes. The brightest of these stars is of about 12th magnitude, the whole cluster of mag 9. It was also cataloged as Collinder 445 and as Melotte 239. It was not deeper studied until Tadross (2008), or in revised form, Tadross (2009), who determined some of its fundamental parameters, such as its distance as about 8,100 ly, and its age as some 900 million years (revised: 320 million years). These results came simultaneously with a claim by Maciejewski and Niedzielski (2008) that this object was not found to be a star cluster but an asterism. However, Bica and Bonatto (2011) confirmed evidence for its nature as an open cluster; these authors find its age at 800 (+/-100) million years.
The image in this page was obtained by
Martin Germano,
with his 14.5-inch f/5 Newtonian and ST-8XME CCD camera, exposed 340 minutes
from his observatory in Thousand Oaks, CA.
More information
on this image by Martin Germano.
More images by Martin Germano
References
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Last Modification: January 6, 2024